Postural Control and Balance Issues in Individuals with Visual Disorders: A Review

Abstract

Balance is a complex process involving the integration of multisensory inputs, motor coordination, and biomechanical factors. It primarily depends on the harmonious interaction of the visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems. Visual disorders can disrupt this integration and increase the risk of balance impairments. Neuroplastic changes occur in individuals with vision loss, resulting in increased reliance on other sensory systems. However, these adaptations do not necessarily lead to improved postural control. Visual disorders such as cataracts, refractive errors, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration can impair balance and mobility. Additionally, strabismus can further disrupt postural stability and negatively impact motor and social development in children. Recognizing the impact of visual disorders on balance is crucial for comprehensive clinical assessment and fall prevention. Future research should aim to clarify underlying mechanisms and guide the development of targeted, age-appropriate interventions to support postural stability in visually impaired individuals.

Cite this article as: Telci F, Yılar S, Çögen T. Postural control and balance issues in individuals with visual disorders: A review. Balkan ORL-HNS. 2026, 3, 0127, 10.5152/bohns.2026.25127.